ECONOMIC FEASABILITY OF CULTURE OF CONSUMPTION FISH UNDER DIFFERENT FEEDING CONDITIONS

U pokusnim ribnjacima pojedinačne veličine 0,1•ha-1 u ribnjačarstvu „Draganići“ istražena je ekonomska opravdanost uzgoja konzumnog šarana u polikulturi s ribama biljojedima (b. glavaš, s. glavaš, b. amur). Gustoća je nasada iznosila 3.250 ind.ha-1 ukupno jednogodišnjega ribljeg mlađa, i to: šarana 77% i biljojeda 23%. Istraživalo se tijekom uzgojne sezone od 25. travnja do 4. listopada 1990. Istražena su tri tretmana: I - prihranjivanje šarana žitaricama, bez gnojidbe ribnjaka, II - prihranjivanje riba žitaricama uz gnojidbu ribnjaka mineralnim gnojivom NPK formulacije 17:8:9 s ukupnom količinom 400 kg. ha-1 i III - prihranjivanje šarana industrijskim briketima s 20% životinjskih proteina. Iz rezultata istraživanja vidi se da su tretmani II i III pozitivno djelovali na priraste i prinose svih vrsta riba u polikulturi. Najbolji je ekonomski rezultat postignut u tretmanu II u kojem je šaran prihranjivan žitaricama. U toj je varijanti postignuta najveća ekonomičnost proizvodnje, akumulacije i dobit. Najveći ukupni prihod postignut je u III. varijanti uz prihranjivanje bjelančevinama. Rezultati istraživanja upućuju na povoljnu primjenu životinjskih proteina u prehrani konzumnog šarana, uz pravilan izbor polikulture i gustoće nasada.In experimental ponds of individual sizes 0.1 ha-1 the fish farm Draganići, the economic feasibility of the culture of consumption carp fish in poli culture with herbivorous fish was investigated (Hypophthalmichthys, molitrix, Val. Aristichthys nobilis Rich. Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.). The stock density was 3250 ind.ha-1of total one year old fish: carp 77%, herbivorous 23%. Investiga- tions were investigations were carried out during the culturing season, from 25 April to 4 October 1990. Thre treatments were investigated: I - feeding the carp with grains, without fertilizig the pond, II - feeding the fish with grains and fertilizing the pond with mineral fertilizer NPK of the formula 17:8:9 with the total quantity of 400 kg.ha-1, and III - feeding the carp with industrial brickets with 20% animal protein. The results show that treatments II and III had appositive affect on the growth and amount of all species of fish in poli culture. The most favorable economic result was reached with treatment II where the carp were fed with grains. The fish treated in this variation reached the highest economic production, accumulation and gain. The highest total gain was reached in the III variation along with supplement protein feeding. The result of investigations showed a satisfactory application of animal proteins in food of consumption carp, along with the proper choice of polyculture and stock density

Functional analysis of the bovine beta- and kappa casein gene promoters using homologous mammary gland derived cell line

Abstract. Bovine casein gene cluster belongs to the best studied regions of the bovine genome. However, molecular basis of the regulation of casein gene expression is still of great interest for the advancement of milk production. Identification of crucial regulatory regions governing casein gene expression would provide valuable information for marker assisted selection in dairy cattle. In our study we performed comparative analysis of the bovine beta- and kappa casein gene promoter sequences with the regulatory sequences from some other species. In addition, we used homologous mammary gland derived cell culture and luciferase reporter gene system to confirm the functionality of the proximal beta and kappa casein promoters. The longer kappa casein promoter (2064 bp) showed the highest expression level, followed by the short kappa casein promoter (925 bp) and beta casein promoter (1692 bp). Here we demonstrate the suitability of the bovine mammary gland derived cell line BME UV1 for transient gene expression under transcriptional control of the bovine casein gene promoters and compare functionality of different fragments of bovine beta- and kappa casein gene promoters using homologous in vitro system

THE CHANGE OF WATER CHEMISM IN CARP POUNDS

Istraživanja su provedena u ribnjačarstvu »Draganići« u pokusnim ribnjacima pojedinačne veličine 0,1 ha-1 i dubine oko 1 m. Tijekom uzgojne sezone godine 1991. istraženo je djelovanje mineralnog gnojiva NPK (12:12:12) i prihranjivanje riba bjelančevinastim briketima (»Gloria«) na kemizam vode u pokusnim ribnjacima. Utvrđene su određene razlike u količini 02, NH4+, N03-, P043- i potrošku KMn04 među pojedinim varijantama različito tretiranih ribnjaka idotočnom vodom potoka Stojnica (tabl, 1., 2.-6.), te znatne oscilacije svih kemijskih pokazatelja u tijeku uzgojne sezone. Prosječna količina 02 u pojedinim varijantama ribnjaka smanjila se u odnosu na dotočnu vodu od 5% do 13%, a količina N03- od 24% do 43%. Potrošak KMn04 povećao se je u usporedbi s dotočnom vodom od 6% do 22%. Smanjenje 02 i N03- te povećanje potroška KMn04 u pokusnim ribnjacima nije bilo signifikantno (P>O,05). Količina NH4+ i P043- povećala se u svim varijantama pokusnih ribnjaka od 36% do 82% i od 49% do 113% pripadajuće, u usporedbi s dotočnom vodom. Razlike su signifikantne (P<0,05). Utvrđene razlike o količini pojedinih kemijskih parametara u varijantama II. i III. u usporedbi s kontrolnom varijantom 1. bile su signifikantne (P>O,05) samo za količinu NH4+ i P043-.The researches has been conducted in the test ponds of fishfarming „Draganići“ each of them O.25 ackres great and 1 meter deep. During the breeding season of 1991, there have been examined the effect of mineral fertilizers NPK (12: 12: 12) and the reinforced nutrition of the fish with the protein briquettes (»Gloria«) on the chemism in the test ponds. During the breeding season, there have been stated certain differences in the quantity of the 02, NH4+, NO-, P043- and the outgoings of KMn04 among the separate variants of the treated ponds and the inflow water of the brook Stojnica (Tables 1, 2-6) and also the significant oscillations of all chemical indicators. The average quantity of 02 in the separate pond variants has reduced between 5% and 13% in relation to inflow water and the quantity of N03- between 24% and 43%. The outgoings of KMn04 has increased between 6% and 22% as compared with the inflow water. The reduction of 02 and N03- and the incensement of outgoings of KMn04 in the test ponds has not been significant (P 05). The quantity of NH4+ and P043- has increased between 36% and 82% and between 49% and 113% in all variants of test ponds respectively as compared with the inflow water. The differences are significant (PO. 05). The asserted differences about the quality of separate chemical parameters in the variants II. and III. as compared with the control variant I. has been significant (PO. 05) only for the quantity of NH4+ and P043-

THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT FOOD ON THE PRODUCTION OF MARKET CARP (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Istraživalo se je na ribnjačarstvu »Draganići« tijekom uzgojne sezone god. 1990., u 8 pokusnih ribnjaka pojedinačne veličine 0,1 ha-1. Uzgajao se konzumni šaran u polikulturi s bijelim i sivim glavašem i bijelim amurom, s ukupnom količinom nasađenih riba 3.250 ind×h-1 (77% šarana, 23% biljojedi). Istraženo je djelovanje gnojidbe i različitog prihranjivanja na ribe s obzirom na: prinos i prirast ribe, individualnu masu riba, gubitke, hranidbeni koeficijent, Fultonov i Klarkov koeficijent uhranjenosti. Istražilo se i biokemijsko stanje u pojedinim ribnjacima. Utvrđena su jaka osciliranja pojedinih biokemijskih parametara u tijeku uzgojne sezone, napose količine kisika čije su vrijednosti povremeno bile ispod poželjne razine. Ukupni prirast riba iznosio je u prosjeku 703 kg ha-1 (kontrola bez gnojidbe, prihranjivanje riba žitaricama), 1.302 kg ha-1 (gnojidba, prihranjivanje riba žitaricama) i 2.573 kg ha-1 (bez gnojidbe, prihranjivanje riba bjelančevinama životinjskog porijekla). Rezultate ilustriraju tablice 3, 4 i 5. Gubici šarana bili su slični u svim varijantama pokusnih ribnjaka, ipak nešto veći u kontrolnoj, nepovoljnoj varijanti. Prosječna individualna masa šarana bila je uz gnojidbu veća 30%, a uz prihranjivanje bjelančevinastim briketima (20% bjelančevina) 154%. Hranidbeni je koeficijent u gnojenoj varijanti bio 26% niži, a uz prihranjivanje bjelančevinama 13%. Fultonov i Klarkov koeficijent uhranjenosti bio je sličan u svim ribnjacima, s iznimkom boljih vrijednosti Fultonova koeficijenta u varijanti koja je prihranjivana bjelančevinama i koje su bile statistički opravdane (p<0001). U toj je varijanti utvrđena i najveća dužina i težina šarana (p<OOOl). Dodatni prirast riba na račun biljojeda iznosio je 92 kg ha-1 (var I), 404 kg ha-1 (var II) i 650 kg ha-1 (var III), bez nepovoljna djelovanja na prirast šarana.This research was carried out on 8 experimental fish-pounds with individual sizes of 0,1 ha-1 on fish farm Draganići during 1990 culturing season. Carp was reared under conditions of polyculture with total stock density 3250 ind × ha-1. (77 % carp, 2500 ind × ha-1 ; 23% -- 250 ind × ha-1 each species of herbivorous fish – silver carp, bighead, grass carp). The influence of fertilization and different feeding of fish was researched through these parameters: yield and increment of fish, individual weight, losses, food conversion, Fultons and Clark’s coefficient of carp. The hydrochemical conditions in individual pounds where researched too (tabl 2). The total increment of fish was 703 ind × ha-1 (I variant, without fertilization, feeding of carp with cereals), 1302 ind × ha-1 (variant II, fertilization, 500 kg × ha-1 NPK 17: 8: 9, feeding with cereals) and 2537 kg × ha-1 (variant III, without fertilization, feeding carp with pellets containing 20% protein of animal origin). The increment of carps was 611.4; 897.8 and 1923.5 kg × ha-1 resp. The results of production are shown on tables 3, 4 and 5. The losses of carp were similar in all variants of fish-pounds (tabl. 4). The average individual weight of carp was 30% bigger in the fish pond with fertilization, and 154% in fish pond with feeding carp with pellets containing 20% protein of animal origin in compare to control variant 1. Food conversion was lower for 26% in the variant which was fertilized, and for 13% in the variant fed with protein pellets, in compare to control variant l. The Fulton\u27s and Clark\u27s condition coefficient of carp was similar in all experimental ponds except in the variant III. In this variant the Fulton\u27s condition coefficient was significantly better (P<O,OOOl) as well as the length and weight of carp (P). The presence of herbivorous fishes in this polyculture enlarged the total increment of fishes for 92 kg\u27ha-1 (variant I), 404 kg\u27ha-1 (variant II) and 650 kg\u27ha-1 (variant II!), without an inhibitory effect on the growth rate of carp

“Healthier” and “less healthy” classifications according to three nutrient profiling systems relative to nutrition and health claims on food labels

A comprehensive sample of breakfast cereals (a total of 221 breakfast cereals available in the market) were compared according to their nutritional composition, being analysed using three nutrient profiling systems to categorise foods as “healthier” or “less healthy”. Differences were further on investigated focusing on the use of nutrition and health claims on the labelling. The aim was to determine how much the use of such a claim corresponds to the categorisation into “healthier” or “less healthy” group. The sample contained 161 (72.9%) items with claims and 60 (27.1%) items, without claims. The nutrient profiles of the foods were determined by the UK Ofcom model, the FSANZ model and the modified Traffic Light model. All the models use similar but nevertheless different ways of determining the final score of “healthier” or “less healthy”. The percentage of foods classified as “healthier” was well below 72.9% (from 24.8% to 52.2%), indicating that profiling with each model involves stricter criteria for the classifying of foods compared to the permission to carry a nutrition and/or health claim. The difference is the most pronounced for the modified Traffic Light system, while the UK Ofcom and FSANZ systems give results closer to the use of claims

Profili masnih kiselina i antioksidativna svojstva sirovih i sušenih oraha

Background: Walnuts consumption produces beneficial effects on human health. Health-promoting benefits are dedicated to its desirable fatty acid profile and high content of antioxidants. Heat treatment of walnuts may alter their fatty acid composition and antioxidant capacity. Aim: In general the aim of this work was to compare fatty acids profiles and antioxidative properties of raw and dried walnuts at 60 °C for 12 hours. Methodology and results: FA profiles were analyzed using gas chromatography. Antioxidative capacities of walnut samples were determined by DPPH and ABTS tests. There were no significant differences in fatty acid profiles comparing dried and raw walnuts. The most abundant fatty acid was linoleic with mean content of 61.38 ± 1.11% in raw and 62.40 ± 0.99% in dried walnuts. Walnuts oil contained 10.64 ± 0.46% and 10.49 ± 0.81% of a-linolenic acid (ALA) in raw and dried walnuts, respectively. Antioxidative capacity of methanolic extracts showed no difference comparing raw and dried walnut by DPPH and ABTS test. Heat treatment at 60 °C for 12h induced no change in fatty acid profiles of walnuts and led to minor decrease in antioxidative capacity measured only by ABTS test. Conclusion: We suggest that drying process in our experiment did not decreased nutritional capacity which is mostly mediated by conservation of fatty acids content in walnuts.Dijetarni unos oraha povezuje se sa brojnim pozitivnim efektima na zdravlje. Svoj efekat na zdravlje orasi ostvaruju zahvaljujući povoljnom masnokiselinskom sastavu i visokom sadržaju antioksidanasa. Zagrevanje oraha moglo bi dovesti do promena u masnokiselinskom sastavu i uticati na antioksidativni kapacitet. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se uporede masnokiselinski profili i antioksidativni status svežih i oraha sušenih na 60 °C u trajanju od 12 sati. Masnokiselinski sastav analiziran je gasnom hromatografijom. Antioksidativni kapaciteti uzoraka oraha odreðivani su DPPH i ABTS testovima. Utvrðeno je da nije bilo promena u masnokiselinskim profilima posle sušenja oraha na 60 °C u trajanju od 12 sati. Najzastupljenija masna kiselina bila je linolna sa sadržajem od 61.38 ± 1.11% u sirovim i 62.40 ± 0.99% kod sušenih oraha. Ulje oraha sadržalo je 10.64 ± 0.46% i 10.49 ± 0.81% a-linolenske kiseline (ALA) u svežim i sušenim orasima, respektivno. DPPH testom nije utvrđeno da postoje razlike u antioksidativnom potencijalu metanolnih ekstrakata oraha sušenih u odnosu na sveže kao ni sa ABTS testom. Naš eksperimet je pokazao da proces sušenja oraha nije smanjio njihov nutritivni kapacitet što je verovatno posredovano očuvanjem sadržaja masnih kiselina

Effects of three types of physical activity on reduction of metabolic parameters involved in cardiovascular risk

The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of three different types of physical activity on reduction of the metabolic parameters mainly responsible for cardiovascular diseases. This prospective-intervention study was performed at the 'ČIGOTA' Thyroid Institute on Mt. Zlatibor (Serbia) between August 2004 and June 2006. Sixty-eight overweight/obese patients aged 40-70 years with hyperlipidemia were divided into three groups according to their weight and overall health. The program of physical workout included: group I - fast walking; group II - gymnastic exercises and specially chosen exercises in the swimming pool; and group III - combined physical training of higher intensity and greater length. All patients were also on a special reduced diet of 1000 kcal per day, the AHA step-2 diet. We monitored the body mass index, body composition, glucose, cholesterol (total, LDL-, and HDL-), and triglycerides before, during, and after the intervention. After 2 and particularly 12 weeks of intervention, a significant improvement of all metabolic parameters was achieved in all three groups of patients. Although most patients completed the study with normal values of all parameters, the most desirable results were achieved in group III (combined exercises with an average energy expenditure of 900 kcal per day). Our research indicates that a specially conceived program of physical activity and diet intervention resulted in significant reduction of cardiovascular risk factors